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                  * *      A bi-monthly electronic news bulletin
                *    *     reporting on the activities of DANTE,
               *           the company that organises international
               *           network services for the European 
THE WORKS OF D A N T E     research community.

No.14, April 1996          Editor: Josefien Bersee
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TRANSATLANTIC CONNECTIVITY 

Connectivity between EuropaNET and the US is continuously being 
upgraded. Currently 12 T1's (18 Mbps) and one E1 (2 Mbps), a total 
of 20 Mbps, are in place. The latest increase in capacity was 
organised by DANTE on behalf of UKERNA and SWITCH and we have had 
further enquiries about increasing the connected capacity. With the 
purchase of each incremental circuit DANTE and its customers can 
benefit from greater economies of scale. 

The use of T1's as a building block to increasing capacity is 
attractive since it allows diversity of routing and single failures 
do not have disastrous consequences. However there are major 
developments underway in European research networking as a result of 
national initiatives complemented by the TEN-34 project and the clear 
need is for European and north American researchers to interconnect 
at least 45 Mbps and preferably higher speeds.

There is however a major disincentive to this in the lack of US co-
funding of the necessary infrastructure. On a conservative estimate 
European researchers pay at least 80% of the cost of the connectivity 
with their North American counterparts. There is some co-funded 
capacity but this organised to connect to specific national research 
networks within Europe. In view of the relatively balanced traffic 
loads between the European research Internet and the North American 
Internet this state of affairs is inequitable. DANTE, along with a 
number of others, is pressing for a fairer way of sharing costs 
between Europe and North America.

An approach whereby national research networks collaborate in the 
establishment of transatlantic connectivity could provide a solution 
for the inequities that currently exist. By offering US researchers
access to a 'greater' European research Internet the case for a 
better balance in transatlantic funding would be strengthened.


TEN-34: THE WORK HAS STARTED

The technical work for TEN-34, the project to implement a high speed 
pan-European network infrastructure for research with 50% co-funding 
by the EC, has taken off seriously now. All national networks in the 
Consortium have now signed the contract and by adding its signature 
the EC will formally conclude the contract.

The project plan envisages the setting up of two subnetworks (one by 
Unisource and the other by BT, France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom and 
Telecom Italia), which are interconnected, while networks in 
countries outside these two groups will connect to either of the two. 
DANTE, as coordinating partner in the TEN-34 consortium, is 
addressing the many technical and organisational issues that arise in 
this huge, multi-party project.


NEWSFLOW: WHAT'S NEW?

During the last EuropaNET APM (Access Port Managers) meeting the 
distribution of NEWS over EuropaNET was discussed. Because on the one 
hand DANTE received several requests for NEWS distribution and on 
the other hand the way NEWS is currently distributed is 
unsatisfactory from some networks' point of view and could be 
optimised by reducing the number of hops. 

At the moment some National Research Networks with a topological 
'advantage' within EuropaNET supply multiple feeds. Because of the 
rapid growth of the NEWS traffic load (400% per year!) they want to 
be compensated in the future for bandwidth/machine capacity/manpower 
spent. One possibility would be for DANTE to provide a NEWS service, 
co-operating with its partners, another option would be to 
subcontract a NEWS service. At the moment DANTE is investigating as 
the favoured option a co-operative model to find a fair balance in 
costs and benefits. A mailing list has been set up for partners 
interested in co-ordination of the European NEWS flow.  


A POLICY PERSPECTIVE ON NETWORKING

In Europe, political issues probably play a more substantial role in 
networking than technology does. How else to explain the relatively 
poor state of the European Internet (compared to the US)? In some 
instances policy issues have been the main obstacles to progress, 
e.g. in the case of the national telecoms monopolies, or the lack of
co-funding of US-European connectivity by American telecom operators. 
While DANTE's mandate is in principle straightforward, daily practice 
shows that there are many policy issues that interfere and impede 
progress. In addition to its technical work DANTE is trying to deal 
with these policy issues as well.   

In a new 'policy perspectives' section on the WWW server we address 
some the issues that European research networking has to tackle - as 
well as making suggestions on how they could be addressed to speed up 
the establishment of a high quality network infrastructure for 
European researchers. URL: http://www.dante.net/policy.html.
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DANTE - Lockton House - Clarendon Road - Cambridge - CB2 2BH - UK

Telephone             +44 1223 302992   
Fax                   +44 1223 303005  

E-mail                dante@dante.org.uk
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